YouTube as Storage

(github.com)

149 points | by saswatms 14 hours ago ago

121 comments

  • repeekad 13 hours ago

    I once asked one of the original YouTube infra engineers “will you ever need to delete the long tail of videos no one watches”

    They said it didn’t matter, because the sheer volume of new data flowing in growing so fast made the old data just a drop in the bucket

    • arjie 12 hours ago
      • Kwpolska 12 hours ago

        Of course videos disappear for copyright, ToS violations, or when the uploaders remove them. They do not disappear just because nobody watched them.

        • Gigachad 10 hours ago

          There’s a whole activity around discovering random 15 year old videos with almost no views. It’s usually some random home video

        • leephillips 7 hours ago

          They also disappear when the government of Pakistan tells Google to erase them: https://lee-phillips.org/youtube/

    • MagicMoonlight 7 hours ago

      Now that they can harvest it all for AI training, that decision was the cheapest and greatest thing they ever did.

      Imagine trying to pay for all that content, nobody on earth would be able or willing to supply it.

    • wasmainiac 13 hours ago

      I wonder if that still holds true? The volume of videos increases exponentially especially with AI slop, I wonder if at some point they will have to limit the storage per user, with a paid model if you surpass that limit. Many people who upload many videos I guess some form of income off YouTube so it wouldn’t that be that big of a deal.

      • weird-eye-issue 13 hours ago

        What they said only holds true because the growth continues so that the old volume of videos doesn't matter as much since there's so many more new ones each year compared to the previous year. So the question is more about whether or not it will hold true in the long term, not today

        • raincole 10 hours ago

          The framing here is really weird. The volume of videos increasing isn't 'growth.' Videos are inventory for Youtube. They're only good when people (without adblocks!) actually watch them.

          • weird-eye-issue 8 hours ago

            Growth in this context is that there are a larger volume of videos each year. So each year a single video is exponentially a smaller and smaller percentage of the total.

            • raincole 6 hours ago

              Yeah and the math doesn't check out.

              For example, if in year N youtube has f(N) new video. Let assume f(N) = cN^2. It's a crazy rate of growth. It's far better than the real world Youtube, which grew rather linearly.

              But the rate of "videos that are older than 5 years" is still faster than that, because it would be cubic instead of quadratic. Unless the it's really exponential (it isn't), "videos that are older than 5 years" will always surpass "new videos this year" eventually.

          • UltraSane 2 hours ago

            Yes. a video no one watches is a waste of storage.

          • amelius 10 hours ago

            ^ This.

      • pogue 13 hours ago

        I assume it's an economics issue. As long as they continue making money off the uploads to a higher extent than it costs for storage, it works out for them.

      • ranger_danger 13 hours ago

        I wonder if anyone has ever compiled a list of channels with abnormally large numbers of videos? For example this guy has over 14,000:

        https://www.youtube.com/@lylehsaxon

    • jl6 9 hours ago

      One day, it will matter. Not even Google can escape the consequences of infinite growth. Kryder's Law is over. We cannot rely on storage getting cheaper faster than we can fill it, and orgs cannot rely on being able to extract more value from data than it costs to store it. Every other org knows this already. The only difference with Google is that they have used their ad cash generator to postpone their reality check moment.

      One day, somebody is going to be tasked with deciding what gets deleted. It won't be pretty. Old and unloved video will fade into JPEG noise as the compression ratio gets progressively cranked, until all that remains is a textual prompt designed to feed an AI model that can regenerate a facsimile of the original.

      • asah 9 hours ago

        You can see how Google rolls with how they deleted old Gmail accounts - years of notice, lots of warnings, etc. They finally started deletions recently, and I haven't heard a whimper from anyone (yet).

        • flux3125 9 hours ago

          The problem is that some content creators have already passed away (and others will pass away by then), and their videos will likely be deleted forever.

          • shevy-java 8 hours ago

            That may be, but I assume for videos that had some viewership base, there may be a consideration. E. g. if a video was viewed 20 million times, it may be worth more than one that was viewed only 5 times.

            • eMPee584 7 hours ago

              I've stumbled upon very valuable content with very low view numbers - the algorithms spiral around spectacularity and provocation, not quality or insight.

            • coldtea 4 hours ago

              >videos that had some viewership base, there may be a consideration

              Those would be the worst of the lot regarding how valuable they are historically for example. Engaging BS content...

          • zaik 8 hours ago

            Hopefully the deletion will not affect videos with thousands of views, even if the account is lost.

            • loloquwowndueo 8 hours ago

              Sweet summer child.

              • CuriouslyC 8 hours ago

                Goog is 100% not going to delete anything that is driving any advertising at all. The videos are also useful for training AI regardless, so I expect the set of stuff that's deleted will be a VERY small subset. The difference with email is that email can be deduplicated, since it's a broadcast medium, while video is already canonical.

                I expect rather than deleting stuff, they'll just crank up the compression on storage of videos that are deemed "low value."

          • dessimus 8 hours ago

            Monuments erode away and memories of those enshrined are lost time as well, nothing lasts forever.

            • bentcorner 7 hours ago

                  I met a user from an antique land
                  Who said: Two squares of a clip of video
                  Stand in at the end of the search. Near them,
                  Lossly compressed, a profile with a pfp, whose smile,
                  And vacant eyes, and shock of content baiting,
                  Tell that its creator well those passions read
                  Which yet survive, stamped on these unclicked things,
                  The hand that mocked them and the heart that fed:
                  And on the title these words appear:
                  "My name is Ozymandias, Top Youtuber of All Time:
                  Look on my works, ye Mighty, and like and subscribe!"
                  No other video beside remains. Round the decay
                  Of that empty profile, boundless and bare
                  The lone and level page stretch far away.
            • spriggancg 6 hours ago

              let's see what will last longer over the ages : engraved stone or google?

            • herodoturtle 7 hours ago

              Like tears in rain <3

            • ralusek 3 hours ago

              mono no aware

        • 1313ed01 6 hours ago

          Dropbox seem to be doing the same thing. After years of whining about my 2TB above limit I recently received a mail with a deadline to delete my files or they will.

      • dyauspitr 7 hours ago

        It depends. At the rough 2 PB of new data they get a day that’s about 10 sq ft of physical rack space per day. Each data center is like 500,000 sq feet so each data center can hold 120 years of YouTube uploads. They’re not going to have to restrict uploads anytime soon.

        • robotresearcher 29 minutes ago

          If the data growth rate is faster than the storage density growth rate, this could be a spectacular underestimate.

        • semitones 7 hours ago

          Not all of the square footage of a data center is usable for racks

    • ntoskrnl_exe 10 hours ago

      Wouldn't it also be a performance nightmare?

      The energy bill for scanning through the terabytes of metadata would be comparable to that of several months of AI training, not to mention the time it would take. Then deleting a few million random 360p videos and putting MrBeast in their place would result in insane fragmentation of the new files.

      It might really just be cheaper to keep buying new HDDs.

      • dev1ycan 10 hours ago

        This is why they removed searching for older videos (specific time) and why their search pushes certain algorithmic videos, other older videos when found by direct link are on long term storage and take a while to start loading.

      • stogot 10 hours ago

        S3 allows delete and is efficient here. I’m sure Google can figure it out

        They allow search by timestamp, I’m sure YouTube can write algo to find zero <=1 view

      • moffkalast 10 hours ago

        Besides with their search deteriorating to the point where a direct video title doesn't result in a match, nobody can see those videos anyway and they don't have to cache them.

        • sfn42 9 hours ago

          It's not just the search deteriorating. The frontend is littered with bugs. If you write a comment and try to highlight and delete part of that comment, it'll often delete the part you didn't highlight. So apparently they implemented their own textfield for some reason and also fucked it up. It's been like that for years.

          The youtube shorts thing is buggy as shit, it'll just stop working a lot of the time, just won't load a video. Some times you have to go back and forth a few times to get it to load. It'll often desync the comments from the video, so you're seeing comments from a different video. Some times the sound from one short plays over the visuals of another.

          It only checks for notifications when you open the website from a new tab, so if you want to see if you have any notifications you have to open youtube in a new tab. Refreshing doesn't work.

          Seems like all the competent developers have left.

          • r_lee 9 hours ago

            and if you do a hard refresh on the webapp, it literally takes like 10 seconds for the homepage to load

            • sfn42 8 hours ago

              Yeah, one that I forgot to mention is if you pause a youtube short and go to a different tab, the short will unpause in the background, or it might change to an entirely different short and start playing that.

  • Smalltalker-80 11 hours ago

    Thechnically cool, but ToS state: "Misuse of Service Restrictions - Purpose Restriction: The Service is intended for video viewing and sharing, not as a general-purpose, cloud-based file storage service." So they can rightfully delete your files.

    • ilaksh 10 hours ago

      Its interesting that this exact use case is already covered in their ToS. I wonder when the first YouTube as storage project came out, and how many there have been over the years.

      • Valkryst 9 hours ago

        At-least as far back as 2017 when I wrote Schillsaver: https://github.com/Valkryst/Schillsaver

        None of us, in the original discussion threads, knew of it being done before then IIRC.

      • kingstnap an hour ago

        The idea of exploiting someone else's server to store files is incredibly old.

        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMail_Drive

        When Google launched Gmail (2004) with a huge 1GB storage quota, Richard Jones released GMailFS to mount a Gmail account as a standard block device.

      • altmanaltman 2 hours ago

        I mean, it is pretty likely they figured out it could be a pretty obvious possible misuse before anyone actually started doing it.

  • j-bos 12 hours ago

    This ia really cool but also feels like a potential burden on the commons,

    • vasco 12 hours ago

      That great commons that are the multi trillion dollar corporations that could buy multiple countries? They sure worry about the commons when launching another datacenter to optimize ads.

      • asah 9 hours ago

        no the "commons" in this case is the fundamental free-ness of YT - if abused then any corporations will have to shut it down...

        OTOH I'm 100.0% sure that google has a plan, been expecting this for years and in particular, has prior experience from free Gmail accounts being used for storage.

        • justinclift 8 hours ago

          > no the "commons" in this case is the fundamental free-ness of YT ...

          Hmmm, isn't the "free-ness" of YouTube because there were determined to outspend and outlast any potential competitors (ie supported by the Search business), in order to create a monopoly for then extracting $$$ from?

          I'm kind of expecting the extracting part is only getting started. :(

      • agnishom 12 hours ago

        You are right, but YouTube is also a massive repository of human cultural expression, whose true value is much more than the economic value it brings to Google.

        • anjel 11 hours ago

          So was Flickr

        • komali2 12 hours ago

          Yes, but it's a classic story of what actually happened to the commons - they were fenced and sold to land "owners."

          Honestly, if you aren't taking full advantage within the constraints of the law of workarounds like this, you're basically losing money. Like not spending your entire per diem budget when on a business trip.

          • robotresearcher 24 minutes ago

            How many sheep did you buy to extract as much as possible from your local common land grazing rights?

            Zero. Because the benefit to you is not enough to cover the fully loaded cost of exploitation.

          • agnishom 11 hours ago

            This seems like a narrow understanding of value.

            Which do you think has more value to me? (a) I save some money by exploiting the storage loophole (b) The existence of a cultural repository of cat videos, animated mathematics explainers, long video essays continue to be available to (some parts of) humanity (for the near future).

            • komali2 10 hours ago

              This is assuming doing A has any meaningful impact on B.

              Anyway in this situation it's less that YouTube is providing us a service and more, it's captured a treasure trove of our cultural output and sold it back to us. Siphoning back as much value as we can is ethical. If YouTube goes away, we'll replace it - PeerTube or other federated options are viable. The loss of the corpus of videos would be sad but not catastrophic - some of it is backed up. I have ~5Tb of YouTube backed up, most of it smaller channels.

              I agree generally with you that the word "value" is overencompassing to the point of absurdity though. Instrumental value is equated with moral worth, personal attachment, and distribution of scarcity. Too many concepts for one word.

      • cheonn638 12 hours ago

        > That great commons that are the multi trillion dollar corporations that could buy multiple countries?

        Exactly which countries could they buy?

        Let me guess: you haven’t actually asked gemini

        • cheschire 12 hours ago

          Have you? Assuming Google would want to not put all their chips on that one number and invest all available capital in the purchase of a nation, and assuming that nation were open to being purchased in the first place (big assumption; see Greenland), Google is absolutely still in a place to be able to purchase multiple smaller countries, or one larger one.

          • arcticfox 11 hours ago

            Greenland already has a wealthy benefactor, I'd be surprised if poor countries wouldn't be interested

        • gregoryl 12 hours ago
          • K0balt 11 hours ago

            You don’t have to go ballistic!

        • RobotToaster 10 hours ago

          Nauru, possibly Tuvalu.

        • russfrank 11 hours ago

          The USA.

          • justinclift 8 hours ago

            That one's not a "could" as it's already been done. ;)

  • thrdbndndn 12 hours ago

    I don't get how it works.

    > Encoding: Files are chunked, encoded with fountain codes, and embedded into video frames

    Wouldn't YouTube just compress/re-encode your video and ruin your data (assuming you want bit-by-bit accurate recovery)?

    If you have some redundancy to counter this, wouldn't it be super inefficient?

    (Admittedly, I've never heard of "fountain codes", which is probably crucial to understanding how it works.)

    • brandonli28 4 hours ago

      Hey there, Brandon here (developer). I've uploaded an explanation video here, which might be useful to watch :D

      https://youtu.be/l03Os5uwWmk?si=nJDwz4s7_E4WFOwC

    • Jaxan 12 hours ago

      Yes it is inefficient. But youtube pays the storage ;-). (There is probably a limit on free accounts, and it is probably not allowed by the TOS.)

      • genidoi 12 hours ago

        Right, you just pay daily in worrying when, not if, youtube will terminate your account and delete your "videos".

        • madmads 11 hours ago

          I think it's just meant to be a fun experiment, not your next enterprise backup site

          • K0balt 11 hours ago

            Stegonagraphic backup with crappy ai transmogrified reaction videos. Free backup for openclaw agents so they can take over the internet lol

    • sdenton4 7 hours ago

      Yeah, I would assume that transcodes kill this eventually...

  • ninjagoo 2 hours ago

    Interestingly, this is a specific implementation of a more general idea - leverage social media to store encrypted content, that requires decoding through a trusted app to surface the actual content.

    AI tools can use this as a messaging service with deniability. Pretty sure humans already use it in this way. In the past, classifieds in newspapers were a similar messaging service with deniability.

  • zokier 13 hours ago

    Also, how to get your google account banned for abuse.

    • newqer 12 hours ago

      Just make sure you have you have a bot network storing the information in with multiple accounts. Also with with enough parity bits (E.g. PAR2) to recover broken vids or removed accounts.

      • compsciphd 12 hours ago

        par2 is very limited.

        It only support 32k parts in total (or in reality that means in practice 16k parts of source and 16k parts of parity).

        Lets take 100GB of data (relatively large, but within realm of reason of what someone might want to protect), that means each part will be ~6MB in size. But you're thinking you also created 100GB of parity data (6MB*16384 parity parts) so you're well protected. You're wrong.

        Now lets say one has 20000 random bit error over that 100GB. Not a lot of errors, but guess what, par will not be able to protect you (assuming those 20000 errors are spread over > 16384 blocks it precalculated in the source). so at the simplest level , 20KB of errors can be unrecoverable.

        par2 was created for usenet when a) the size of binaries being posted wasn't so large b) the size of article parts being posted wasn't so large c) the error model they were trying to protect was whole articles not coming through or equivalently having errors. In the olden days of usenet binary posting you would see many "part repost requests", that basically disappeared with par (then quickly par2) introduction. It fails badly with many other error models.

        • e145bc455f1 11 hours ago

          what other tool do you recommend?

          • iberator 11 hours ago

            just pay for storage instead. It's absurd that rich developers are doing ANYTHING but to pay for basic services - ruining the internet for those in real need.

            we can't have nice things

        • catlikesshrimp 7 hours ago

          you can split files so you can have more par blocks (100GB in 100 1GB parts 32k blocks per part)

      • wellf 12 hours ago

        Or.... backblaze B2

        • metroholografix an hour ago

          6$ / TB / month is a fool's bargain even for something as low as 10 TB. One can buy a used LTO-6 drive for a few hundred bucks and build tape libraries that span hundreds of TBs.

          There's no Cloud-based backup service that's competive with tape.

        • willis936 11 hours ago

          Plus restic or borg or similar. I tried natively pushing from truenas for a while and it's just slow and unreliable (particularly when it comes to trying to bus out active datasets) and rsync encryption is janky. Restic is built for this kind of archival task. You'll never get hit with surprise bills for storing billions of small files.

        • encom 10 hours ago

          Have Backblaze software stopped being utterly awful, to the point of being almost nonfunctional, yet?

          • ziml77 8 hours ago

            What does Backblaze's backup software have to do with B2? Backblaze B2 is just storage that exposes the same API as S3. You can use any backup software that supports S3 as a target.

    • ranger_danger 2 hours ago

      There are already channels with millions of AI-generated videos on them.

  • pcthrowaway 2 hours ago

    Brilliant, but I hope it doesn't hasten Youtube's use of AI to "enhance" videos automatically: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46169554

  • polotics 12 hours ago

    Wot no steganography? Come on pretty please with an invisible cherry on top! :-) Here to get you started: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11042-023-14844-w

    • zahlman 4 hours ago

      That's harder to sneak through video compression artifacts.

  • blackhaz 13 hours ago

    Has anyone got an example how such a video looks like? Really curious. Reminds me of the Soviet Arvid card that could store 2 GB on an E-180 VHS tape.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArVid

  • esskay 2 hours ago

    I imagine something like Reddit might make for better storage than this. It'd be pretty trivial to set up a few accounts with private subs too just store encrypted text based data. Not fast or anything but surely easier to work with.

  • xnx 11 hours ago

    An idea as old as YouTube. Here's on implementation: https://github.com/therealOri/qStore

  • madduci 13 hours ago

    Love this project, although I would never personally trust YT as Storage, since they can delete your channel/files whenever they want

    • rzzzt 11 hours ago

      Upload to other video sharing sites for redundancy. RAIVS!

      • iberator 11 hours ago

        Stop ruining the internet end exploiting free resources

        • rzzzt 9 hours ago

          It was a tongue-in-cheek / silly suggestion outright. I don't think many people are actually using the tool for its off-ToS purpose though, there is also a lot of prior art across multiple sharing services. It's still interesting to think about the inner workings of it.

  • brandonli28 4 hours ago

    Hey there, Brandon here (developer). I've uploaded an explanation video here for anyone that's interested, which might be useful to watch :D

    https://youtu.be/l03Os5uwWmk?si=nJDwz4s7_E4WFOwC

  • qwertox 12 hours ago

    The explainer video on the page [0] is a pretty nice explanation for people who don't really know what video compression is about.

    [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l03Os5uwWmk

  • KellyCriterion 8 hours ago

    I can remember the years when YouTube was used by Contentdistributors by uploading high quality material protected with a password :-D

  • shevy-java 8 hours ago

    Interesting idea. But I actually think we need to overcome Google. Google has become such a huge problem in so many domains. There need to be laws for the people; Google controls way too much now. YouTube should become a standalone company.

  • ranger_danger 13 hours ago

    Other examples of so-called "parasitic storage": https://dpaste.com/DREQLAJ2V.txt

  • nunobrito 7 hours ago

    What kind of storage level can be expected from this method for 10 minutes of video?

  • nubinetwork 10 hours ago

    How do you manage to get youtube to not re-encode the video, trashing the data?

    • neals 10 hours ago

      Flashing a bunch of qr codes should do it

  • the_dude_ 12 hours ago

    reminds me of gmail fs, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMail_Drive very interesting project explanation video on youtube

  • andrewstuart 12 hours ago

    How does it survive YouTube transcoding.

  • j45 6 hours ago

    This is a digital version of a cassette tape to load and save data, love it!

    https://www.tapeheads.net/threads/storing-data-on-your-analo...

  • finalhacker 12 hours ago

    after compression, all data lost.

  • sneak 13 hours ago

    Something at this link crashes both MobileSafari and iOS Firefox on my device.

    • Hamuko 13 hours ago

      The GitHub link? Works fine in Safari on my M4 iPad Pro.

      • sneak 4 hours ago

        Yup. Even after a device reboot at that time, too. Still doing it a half day later. Odd.