Therapeutic use of cannabis and cannabinoids: A review

(jamanetwork.com)

48 points | by bookofjoe 8 hours ago ago

35 comments

  • epolanski 2 hours ago

    The abstract of the review is interesting and honestly reflects my (negative) experience with cannabis.

    I admit, I really like cannabis, and when I was a 20 year old occasionally smoking with friends at parties it was a "healthier" alternative to getting wasted on alcohol. Share few joins with friends, have fun, laugh a lot.

    Then as I got financially independent and I started solo consumption (mostly to get rid of stress) I really started appreciating the cons: lack of energy, disruption of sleep, negative impact of my cognitive abilities, increase in anxiety. I'm glad the study confirms those to be statistically common.

    I was very lucky to have a SO who really disliked me smoking and made me realize that I was just doing it to "not think", and it had really 0 positive effects on me. I'm sure I would've quitted eventually anyway, but support and criticism sped up the reality check.

    Eventually this is all anecdotal experience, and I'm sure there might be occasional users who can have a mostly positive experience, but the fact that a review points out how statistically common are the negatives and how uncommon are the positives honestly reflects what I've seen on myself and friends.

    • jrflowers 3 minutes ago

      >The abstract of the review is interesting and honestly reflects my (negative) experience with cannabis.

      The abstract doesn’t say anything about recreational cannabis usage.

      >lack of energy, disruption of sleep, negative impact of my cognitive abilities, increase in anxiety. I'm glad the study confirms those to be statistically common.

      >I was very lucky to have a SO who really disliked me smoking and made me realize that I was just doing it to "not think"

      This study about the clinical outcomes of physician-directed cannabis usage for specific conditions doesn’t really get into musing about how weed is just sort of generally bad. The only part of the study that seems to sort of touch on what you’re talking about is the section about Cannabis Use Disorder

      https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2842072?gu...

      At no point in this study does it say that “share a few joints with friends, have fun, laugh a lot” has common negatives and uncommon positives. It is not in the purview of the analysis.

    • rusk 2 hours ago

      Anecdata

  • sitharus 2 hours ago

    This paper is very much a case of read past the abstract, especially the limitations of the study. As always it’s important for a clinician to explain the risks and current evidence when prescribing, no matter the substance. A lot of medicines have limited evidence, but they still work for some people.

    Personally I use prescribed pharmacutical cannabis oils as I have much lower levels of a couple of important enzymes than most people which renders opioids mostly ineffective, even intravenous morphine as I recently found out after surgery. High CBD cannabis oil works, as does paracetamol but that’s way more dangerous.

  • nicolix an hour ago

    cannabis in many varieties and cannabinoids especially the most significant naturally made potentially cheaply sourceable receptors' agonist compound delta-9-thc, when taken not occasionally, in increasingly large quantities, in extracted purified forms, at high molar concentrations (up to and over 5-10 ÂľM) have demostrated - albeit not in many clinical settings despite numerous studies since 1974 have confirmed such potential usage - a strong antiproliferative, antineoplastic, antitumor, anticancer activity.

  • baxtr 2 hours ago

    > Evidence from randomized clinical trials does not support the use of cannabis or cannabinoids for most conditions for which it is promoted, such as acute pain and insomnia.

    I think that’s the key message do the paper.

    • tripletao 25 minutes ago

      In this context, "does not support" means "the evidence is of low quality", not "the evidence says it probably doesn't work". Per the quotations in my other comment here, the paper and its references conclude that the best available RCT evidence is favorable to cannabis for those conditions. They're just not impressed with the statistical power and methodological rigor of those studies.

      It's unfortunately common to report that situation of favorable but low-quality evidence as "does not support", despite the confusion that invariably results. This confusion has been noted for literally decades, for example in

      https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC351831/

      I'm sad to see it repeated here, and I hope we can avoid propagating it further.

  • larodi 5 hours ago

    it is very important to also remind - no amount of alcohol is ever prescribed or sold in the pharmacies. the alcohol was legalized in order to a) reverse the ill effects of prohibition which led to birth of large-scale organized crime; b) to allow regulation of substances innit, as people were dying from bad booze.

    likewise, nations may have to legalize in order to regulate the contents of whatever-white-powder users may stumble upon on the street. and let us be honest - no bombs can stop the Fentanil (or rat poison for all I care) from being mixed in.

    • loeg 5 hours ago

      Sure, sure. But this is an argument that we shouldn't have special licensing schemes subsidizing some use via tax exemption ("medical").

    • edgineer 2 hours ago

      Doctors sometimes prescribe alcohol and in these cases pharmacies do fill these orders.

      • lucketone 2 hours ago

        Example.

        Poisoning by methyl alcohol.

        Ethyl alcohol is ok’ish (the regular stuff), while methyl alcohol can make you blind or dead even in small amounts.

      • vkou an hour ago

        Yes, because if you're a hardcore liver-failure-in-three-years alcoholic, quitting cold turkey will kill you, and if you're in the hospital for some other issue, they will make sure you get some alcohol.

        Doctors don't prescribe it to people who aren't already putting away 50 drinks a week.

  • ursAxZA 3 hours ago

    Different countries still treat cannabis very differently, and that alone shows how unsettled the whole topic is. I don’t know the full historical reasoning behind the bans, but there must have been perceived downsides at the time. It feels like society just keeps swinging back and forth on this.

    • lucketone 2 hours ago

      > there must have been perceived downsides at the time.

      I also don’t know, but I seriously doubt there was cost benefit analysis.

      My two bets would be:

      - church/priests had power and they condemned most things, except for preying.

      - it became widely known that opium is really obviously bad for you, after a bit of mental juggling that became “drugs are bad”, and then wholesale bans followed.

      • pstuart 12 minutes ago

        > church/priests had power and they condemned most things, except for preying.

        The misspelling of "praying" is ironically on point.

      • rusk 2 hours ago

        World War 1 and 2 were drug fueled. Americans saw the carnage after WW1 and instituted prohibition and then entered WW2 as the only sober participants.

        The Chinese 100 years of humiliation at the hands of the Brits, was down to Opium

        The fall of the medieval European dynasties was all down to Luandanum

        Time and again, the unhealthy, and unregulated use of drugs has toppled empires and led to social upheaval.

        Makes perfect sense if you ran a country you would be scared of it.

    • rusk 2 hours ago

      The UK actually did a report into drug use a number of years ago. Professor David Nutt identified the root causes of the phenomenon you identified and was sacked for it.

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Nutt

  • an0malous 5 hours ago

    > Evidence from randomized clinical trials does not support the use of cannabis or cannabinoids for most conditions for which it is promoted, such as acute pain and insomnia.

    I once slept in a hoodie with the hood under my back and woke up with horrible back pain, I could not sit still or focus on anything but the pain, 800mg of ibuprofen did nothing. I was about to go to the ER or urgent care when a doctor friend suggested trying cannabis, I took one small hit and was immediately pain free. I have never experienced such a dramatic medical effect in my life, one second I was writhing in pain and the next I was completely fine.

    I’ve also seen videos of epileptics calming their seizures from cannabis. The autism community often speaks highly of it, how it makes them feel “normal” or more regulated. I’ve heard of stories of people getting off opioids by using cannabis. I think the people who get anxiety from it or no relief from insomnia are often taking far too much because there aren’t any good guidelines for self medicating and the guidelines they do get are from recreational users.

    All I have are anecdotes, but given how obvious the effects were, I find it hard to believe there’s no medicinal value to cannabis.

    • tripletao 4 hours ago

      Acute pain isn't discussed in detail in this paper, but here's a paper they cited:

      > Conclusions: There is low-quality evidence indicating that cannabinoids may be a safe alternative for a small but significant reduction in subjective pain score when treating acute pain, with intramuscular administration resulting in a greater reduction relative to oral.

      https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/can.2019.0079

      For insomnia, this paper itself says:

      > meta-analysis of 39 RCTs, 38 of which evaluated oral cannabinoids and 1 administered inhaled cannabis, that included 5100 adult participants with chronic pain reported that cannabis and cannabinoid use, compared with placebo, resulted in a small improvement in sleep quality [...]

      It goes on to criticize those studies, but we again see low-quality evidence in favor.

      In the context of evidence-based medicine, "does not support" can mean the RCTs establish with reasonable confidence that the treatment doesn't work. It can also mean the RCTs show an effect in the good direction but with insufficient statistical power, so that an identical study with more participants would probably--but not certainly--reach our significance threshold. The failure to distinguish between those two quite different situations seems willful and unfortunate here.

      • sitharus 2 hours ago

        The full text of the acute pain paper is available via EuropePMC https://europepmc.org/article/MED/33381643

        It has an interesting conclusion that says more research in to CBD rather than THC is needed and cites some papers looking in to that.

    • mh- 3 hours ago

      I fully accept there is pain relief value. What I wish were better studied is: what are the short, medium, long-term effects of using it at various dosages?

      For example, it's pretty widely agreed that it (anecdotally) causes anxiety at higher doses - how high of a dose?

      • dgellow 12 minutes ago

        > For example, it's pretty widely agreed that it (anecdotally) causes anxiety at higher doses - how high of a dose?

        Not for everyone. My understanding is that some people are more susceptible to experiencing anxiety when consuming, while others won’t even at high doses. I personally have pretty high anxiety in general, vaping <10mg of cannabis is really relaxing and makes my anxiety completely go away.

        The only kind of bad experience I had was when I first tried a dry herb vape, it was maybe 1h after taking my ADHD meds and the combination resulted in the craziest out of body experience I’ve ever had (it wasn’t too bad, but pretty overwhelming at the time)

      • rusk 2 hours ago

        > short, medium, long-term effects of using it

        That would require a grown up conversation and what if the results aren’t the one you want? Pretty hard for Bud, Pfizer etc to put that genie back in the bottle

    • lostmsu 4 hours ago

      You do realize that your case has as much evidence that passage of time fixed your problem (or anything else that transpired) as it does for cannabis? And that is why people do randomized trials.

    • smohare 4 hours ago

      A substance can have pharmacological effects and still not be recommended for therapeutic use. As a hyperbolic example, suppose a substance relieved all pain for 1% of the population but caused death in everyone else. Even with a highly precise screening process this substance likely would not be administered in medicinal contexts.

      • tripletao 2 hours ago

        That's true, but I believe the authors' complaint here is efficacy rather than safety. (I also think they're using terms of art from evidence-based medicine to make a statement the general public is likely to misinterpret, per my other comment here.)

        Safety is barely discussed in this paper, probably because the available RCT evidence is favorable to cannabis. I'm not sure that means it's actually safe, since RCTs of tobacco cigarettes over the same study periods probably wouldn't show signal either. This again shows the downside of ignoring all scientific knowledge except RCT outcomes, just in the other direction.

  • readthenotes1 5 hours ago

    The sad thing to me, because of how it has affected, several family members, is that some smoke dope or take CBD to treat anxiety only to make things worse.

    Because of how marijuana has been made nearly sacrosanct in some circles, they will not look at that THC or CBD as a contributing factor : (

    • bolangi 36 minutes ago

      The war on drugs and millions of non-violent offenders in prison does not exactly suggest to me the term "sacrosanct."

      Every honest therapist looks at all components of a patient's life, and the patient, too, has a responsibility to identify what is helping and what is hurting them, or in which situations a trade-off is justified.

      We will never be able to arrive at a complete and perfect answer for everyone because people happen to be individuals. However the medical profession (including therapy professions) lean heavily on generalizations to avoid the overhead of having to deal with a living, breathing individual with a history and family context, where possible.

    • op00to 4 hours ago

      Cannabis works great for stress for a week, then it makes things worse for me. A few weeks off, and I can take advantage again.

    • nurettin 4 hours ago

      It is all fun and games "defending" legalization of weed online until you get a substance abuser in your family.

      • loeg 2 hours ago

        Alcoholics have family members, too, but we aren't going to criminalize alcohol.

        • spoiler 2 hours ago

          As someone who was raised by aggressive alcoholics, and I have myself struggled with weed addiction in the past (and seen weed addiction in others), it's really difficult to compare the substances. Yes, weed dependence is bad and people need to be aware of it, but alcohol (and I'd even say nicotine, but that's a different subject) are far more insidious than weed

      • rusk 2 hours ago

        Wait til their substance abuser gets locked up that’s where the fun really begins

  • ynab6 2 hours ago

    Weed is just cringe nowadays.

  • renewiltord 26 minutes ago

    The point of the studies was to establish a reason for people to use recreational drugs. Americans can’t be satisfied with “they’re fun” so people need to come up with a medical reason for it because “they’re suffering” is a get out of jail free card.

    Everything is obviously fabricated. You think the snail darter is real? But the scientific consensus…